NEW DELHI, September 27: Doctors are urging men approaching or over the age of 50 to pay closer attention to prostate health, particularly persistent changes in urination, family history and other symptoms that are sometimes dismissed as a normal part of ageing.
Prostate cancer becomes more common with age, but early-stage disease may produce no noticeable symptoms, making awareness and timely medical evaluation important. At the same time, urinary symptoms do not automatically mean cancer because common non-cancerous conditions such as an enlarged prostate can cause similar problems.
Prostate Changes Become More Common With Age
The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder that contributes fluid to semen.
As men grow older, the prostate commonly increases in size. This condition is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH, and is not cancer.
However, BPH, inflammation of the prostate and prostate cancer can sometimes produce overlapping urinary symptoms, which means persistent changes should not simply be assumed to be caused by age.
Urinary Changes Men Should Pay Attention To
Doctors say several persistent changes may warrant medical evaluation.
These can include:
- Needing to urinate more frequently, particularly at night
- Difficulty starting urination
- A weak or interrupted urine stream
- Difficulty completely emptying the bladder
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Pain or discomfort while urinating
- Persistent discomfort in the lower back, hips or pelvis
These symptoms do not by themselves establish that prostate cancer is present. They can also occur with an enlarged prostate and other conditions.
Early Prostate Cancer May Have No Symptoms
One of the challenges with prostate cancer is that it can develop without producing clear symptoms during its early stages.
Dr Nitish Aggarwal, Consultant Urologist and Uro-Oncologist at Fortis Healthcare, Chandigarh, told The Times of India that men should not assume the absence of symptoms automatically means there is no prostate problem.
This is why doctors encourage men to understand their individual risk rather than waiting for severe symptoms before seeking advice.
Family History Can Increase Risk
Age is not the only factor affecting prostate cancer risk.
A family history of prostate cancer can increase risk, particularly when a father, brother or other close relative developed the disease at a relatively young age.
Certain inherited genetic changes associated with cancers such as prostate and breast cancer can also influence individual risk.
Doctors therefore recommend that men know their family medical history and discuss relevant information with their healthcare provider.
Should Every Man Over 50 Get a PSA Test?
Doctors caution against treating prostate screening as a simple one-size-fits-all rule.
The PSA test, or prostate-specific antigen blood test, measures the level of PSA in the blood. Higher PSA levels can sometimes be associated with prostate cancer, but they can also increase because of an enlarged prostate, inflammation and other non-cancerous conditions.
The American Cancer Society recommends that men at average risk have an informed discussion with a healthcare professional about the potential benefits, risks and uncertainties of prostate cancer screening beginning at age 50.
Men at higher risk may be advised to begin that discussion earlier depending on their family history and other risk factors.
A High PSA Does Not Automatically Mean Cancer
Doctors also warn against assuming that an elevated PSA result is a cancer diagnosis.
PSA levels can change for several reasons unrelated to cancer, including benign prostate enlargement and inflammation.
Doctors may therefore consider PSA trends, symptoms, physical examination, family history and additional tests before deciding whether further investigation is required.
Blood in Urine Should Not Be Ignored
Some symptoms require more prompt medical attention.
The NHS advises people to seek medical evaluation for symptoms including blood in the urine, pain while urinating or an inability to urinate.
Even when such symptoms ultimately prove to be caused by a non-cancerous condition, doctors recommend getting them checked rather than waiting for them to resolve on their own.
Early Detection Can Expand Treatment Options
When prostate cancer is detected while it remains confined to the prostate, doctors generally have more treatment and management options available.
Depending on the individual case, these can include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy or other treatments.
The appropriate approach depends on factors including the stage and grade of the cancer, PSA level, overall health and the patient’s preferences.
Prostate Cancer Cases Increasing With Ageing Population
The Times of India reported Dr Aggarwal as citing an Indian Council of Medical Research estimate of around 40,000 new prostate cancer cases annually in India, with most occurring among men over 50.
Greater awareness and increased testing are also contributing to more diagnoses being identified, particularly in urban areas.
Healthy Lifestyle Still Matters
Lifestyle measures cannot guarantee that prostate cancer will be prevented, but maintaining overall health remains important.
The American Cancer Society recommends maintaining a healthy weight, remaining physically active and following a balanced eating pattern that includes fruits, vegetables and whole grains while limiting heavily processed foods.
These measures also help reduce the risk of several other chronic diseases.
Doctors Urge Men Not to Dismiss Persistent Changes
The key message for men over 50 is not that every urinary symptom signals cancer, but that persistent or worsening changes deserve attention.
Regular health discussions, awareness of family history and an informed conversation about PSA testing can help men make appropriate decisions based on their individual risk.
Men experiencing concerning or persistent symptoms should consult a qualified healthcare professional rather than attempting to diagnose the cause themselves.
Source – The Times of India / NHS / American Cancer Society
Supreme News Network
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