The presidential election is going to be held in America on the upcoming 5th November. Former President Donald Trump is contesting from the Republican Party while Vice President Kamala Harris is contesting from the Democratic Party. Obviously, sometimes we all wonder how the presidential election takes place in America? How many votes or seats are required to be elected as the President there? So let us know how the presidential election takes place in America and what is its complete process?
The process of American elections starts one and a half years in advance
Let us tell you that every presidential election in America is held on the first Tuesday of November. This time Tuesday is falling on November 5. By the way, the process of American elections starts about one and a half years in advance. The tenure of the President in America is 4 years and any person can become President only 2 times. The important thing is that the process of the American presidential election is completed in 5 phases.
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- Primary and Caucus
- National Convention
- General Election
- Electoral College
- Oath Taking
Primary and Caucus
The first phase of the American election is to select delegates. These delegates are selected from political parties through primary and caucus. Registered members and common people vote through primary. Caucus is an informal meeting of the party held in the open, in which common people select delegates. After that, the selected delegates select one of the leaders claiming the presidential candidature at one place. And after this, the selected person contests the presidential election.
National Convention
In the National Convention, there is a debate on an open platform between the presidential candidates selected by the Republican and Democratic Party. A total of 4 National Conventions are organised in this. Actually, this gives an idea of the mood of the public and the mood of the country, which party’s candidate they want to see as the President.
General Election
After this, the next process is to select the electors. In this process, the more population of a state, the more electors are elected by the general public from there. The rule of ‘winner takes all’ is applicable in this. This time it is on 5th November. This is the most important phase of the presidential election. The party which elects more electors, it becomes almost clear who is going to become the next president.
The rule of electing electors is like this
Let us tell you that 538 electors are elected from the whole country. The party that wins the presidential election needs at least 270 electors to win it.Now let us understand it in a simple language. Suppose there are 30 electors in a state of America. Then whichever party wins 16 electors in that state, its remaining 14 electors are also considered as winners. In this way, all 30 electors are considered to have won. This is called the rule of winner takes all.
Electoral College
Later, these electors give their votes to the President and Vice President in the month of December. This is called the Electoral College. The US Congress counts the votes of the electors in January. In this, the candidate who gets more votes is declared the winner. And if no candidate is able to get the majority, then the House of Representatives, the lower house of the US Parliament, votes to elect the President. Then on January 20, after being declared the winner, the swearing-in ceremony of the new President takes place. In America, it is also known as Inauguration Day.
How is the US election different from India?
Let us tell you that just as the Election Commission organises elections in India, the Federal Election Commission conducts the election process in America. In India, the voting process is completely EVM based, whereas due to the fear of hacking and foreign interference, electronic voting takes place in only 5 percent of the US. And in most states, voting is done by postal ballots only. Let us tell you that the last presidential election in America was held in the year 2020, when Joe Biden defeated Donald Trump and gained power.
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